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Visually Classifying Bacteria and Antibiotics After World War II, antibiotics earned the moniker “wonder drugs” for quickly treating previously-incurable diseases. Data was gathered to determine which drug worked best for each bacterial infection. Comparing drug performance was an enormous aid for practitioners and scientists alike. In the fall of 1951, Will Burtin published a graph showing the effectiveness of three popular antibiotics on 16 different bacteria, measured in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration.

Is there really 5.4% alcohol in that beer brand? We all see that a lot of brand publish on their wrapper that the alcohol level is 5.4%. Let’s say we collected the percent level of volume for those brand. We sampled randomly and measured the alcohol level ourselves So we believe that the actual beer percent should be 5.4% but as a beer consumer, we feel sometime it’s not.

Average for group vs Individual Inspection Paradox Buses and trains are supposed to arrive at constant intervals, but in practice some intervals are longer than others. This means the buses do not follow schedule exactly. There is always some randomness..With your luck, you might think you are more likely to arrive during a long interval. It turns out you are right: a random arrival is more likely to fall in a long interval because, well, it’s longer.

Empirical rule and Chebyshev’s theorem Let’s talk about this really simple concept but powerful one. Data Distributions. A data distribution is an abstract concept(a function) that gives the the possible values of data and also how often that data is generated. When you want to talk about the all the data of your experiments at once, then talk about data distribution. A data distribution gives us the probability of how often that data will be an output if we keep repeating the experiment.